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How to get Random CAPTCHA images dynamically.

[czar] 2014. 5. 29. 17:56

How to get Random CAPTCHA images dynamically.


Html Page:(captcha.jsp)
<img src="/registerCaptcha" width="72" height="26" alt="captcha" class="captcha-border" />

Struts-config.xml
        <action path="/registerCaptcha" type="com.captcha.RegisterCaptchaAction">
            <forward name="shRegisterCaptcha" path="/jsp/common/captcha.jsp"/>
        </action>
Struts Action Class
package com.captcha;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.imageio.IIOImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class RegisterCaptchaAction extends org.apache.struts.action.Action {

    Log log = LogFactory.getLog(RegisterCaptchaAction.class);
  
    @Override
    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws Exception {
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        response.setDateHeader("Max-Age", 0);
        response.setContentType("image/jpg");

        BufferedImage bufferedImage = null;
        Graphics2D g = null;

        try {

            Color textColor = Color.decode("#2e2e2e");

            Font textFont = new Font("arial Tahoma Sans-serif", Font.BOLD, 22);
            int charsToPrint = 5;
            int width = request.getParameter("width") != null ? Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("width")) : 150;
            int height = request.getParameter("height") != null ? Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("height")) : 35;

            float horizMargin = 12.0f;
            float imageQuality = 1.0f; // max is 1.0 (this is for jpeg)
            double rotationRange = 0.1; // this is radians
            bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

            g = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
//Draw an oval
            //g.setColor(Color.decode("#ECEAEA"));
            g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);


            g.setColor(textColor);
            g.setFont(textFont);

            FontMetrics fontMetrics = g.getFontMetrics();
            int maxAdvance = fontMetrics.getMaxAdvance();
            int fontHeight = fontMetrics.getHeight();

// i removed 1 and l and i because there are confusing to users...
// Z, z, and N also get confusing when rotated
// 0, O, and o are also confusing...
// lowercase G looks a lot like a 9 so i killed it
// this should ideally be done for every language...
// i like controlling the characters though because it helps prevent confusion
            String elegibleChars = "ABCDEFGHJKLMPQRSTUVWXY23456789";
            //String elegibleChars = "AEFHKLPRTX12345678";
            //String elegibleChars = "0123456789";
            char[] chars = elegibleChars.toCharArray();

            float spaceForLetters = -horizMargin * 5 + width;
            float spacePerChar = spaceForLetters / (charsToPrint - 1.5f);

            AffineTransform transform = g.getTransform();

            StringBuffer finalString = new StringBuffer();


            for (int i = 0; i < charsToPrint; i++) {
                double randomValue = Math.random();
                int randomIndex = (int) Math.round(randomValue * (chars.length - 1));
                char characterToShow = chars[randomIndex];
                finalString.append(characterToShow);

// this is a separate canvas used for the character so that
// we can rotate it independently
                int charImageWidth = maxAdvance * 2;
                int charImageHeight = fontHeight * 2;
                int charWidth = fontMetrics.charWidth(characterToShow);
                int charDim = Math.max(maxAdvance, fontHeight);
                int halfCharDim = (int) (charDim / 2);

                BufferedImage charImage = null;
                Graphics2D charGraphics = null;
                try {

                    charImage = new BufferedImage(charDim, charDim, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                    charGraphics = charImage.createGraphics();
                    charGraphics.translate(halfCharDim, halfCharDim);
                    double angle = (Math.random() - 0.5) * rotationRange;
                    charGraphics.transform(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(angle));
                    charGraphics.translate(-halfCharDim, -halfCharDim);
                    charGraphics.setColor(textColor);
                    charGraphics.setFont(textFont);


                    int charX = (int) (0.5 * charDim - 0.5 * charWidth);
                    charGraphics.drawString("" + characterToShow, charX,
                            (int) ((charDim - fontMetrics.getAscent())
                            / 2 + fontMetrics.getAscent()));

                    float x = horizMargin + spacePerChar * (i) - charDim / 4.0f;
                    int y = (int) ((height - charDim) / 2);
//System.out.println("x=" + x + " height=" + height + " charDim=" + charDim + " y=" + y + " advance=" + maxAdvance + " fontHeight=" + fontHeight + " ascent=" + fontMetrics.getAscent());
                    g.drawImage(charImage, (int) x, y, charDim, charDim, null, null);

                } finally {
                    try {
                        charGraphics.dispose();
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                    }
                    try {
                        charImage.flush();
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                    }
                }
            }
            log.info("captcha string : " + finalString);
//Write the image as a jpg

            Iterator iter = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("JPG");
            if (iter.hasNext()) {
                ImageWriter writer = null;
                javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream imageOutputStream = null;
                javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream servletOutputStream = null;
                try {
                    writer = (ImageWriter) iter.next();
                    ImageWriteParam iwp = writer.getDefaultWriteParam();
                    iwp.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);
                    iwp.setCompressionQuality(imageQuality);
                    servletOutputStream = response.getOutputStream();
                    imageOutputStream = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(servletOutputStream);
                    writer.setOutput(imageOutputStream);
                    IIOImage imageIO = new IIOImage(bufferedImage, null, null);
                    writer.write(null, imageIO, iwp);
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    writer.abort();
                } finally {//modified to prevent too many open files error
                    if (writer != null) {
                        writer.dispose();
                    }
                    try {
                        imageOutputStream.close();
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                    }
                    try {
                        servletOutputStream.close();
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                    }


                }
            } else {
                log.error("CaptchaErr No Encoder Found For JSP");
                throw new RuntimeException("no encoder found for jsp");
            }

            //ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());

// let's stick the final string in the session
            request.getSession(true).setAttribute("postCouponCaptcha", finalString.toString());


        } catch (Exception ioe) {
            log.error("Captcha Error : " + ioe.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("Unable to build image", ioe);
        } finally {
            try {
                g.dispose();
            } catch (Exception ex) {
            }
            try {
                bufferedImage.flush();
            } catch (Exception ex) {
            }
        }

        return mapping.findForward("shRegisterCaptcha");
    }

}